Magnetic storage uses platters which are divided into tracks and sectors. Data is read and written using electromagnets. Including hard disk drive (HDD)

Optical storage uses lasers to create and read pits and lands. Including: CD, DVD and Blu-ray

Solid-state (flash memory) uses NAND or NOR technology. Transistors are used as control gates and floating gates. Including: solid-state drive (SSD), SD card and USB drive